Essay on Belmont Report Citi - 1410 Words

1. Respect for Persons. -- Respect for persons incorporates at least two ethical convictions: first, that individuals should be treated as autonomous agents, and second, that persons with diminished autonomy are entitled to protection. The principle of respect for persons thus divides into two separate moral requirements: the requirement to acknowledge autonomy and the requirement to protect those with diminished autonomy. An autonomous person is an individual capable of deliberation about personal goals and of acting under the direction of such deliberation. To respect autonomy is to give weight to autonomous persons considered opinions and choices while refraining from obstructing their actions unless they are clearly†¦show more content†¦In some situations, however, application of the principle is not obvious. The involvement of prisoners as subjects of research provides an instructive example. On the one hand, it would seem that the principle of respect for persons requires that prisoners not be deprived of the opportunity to volunteer for research. On the other hand, under prison conditions they may be subtly coerced or unduly influenced to engage in research activities for which they would not otherwise volunteer. Respect for persons would then dictate that prisoners be protected. Whether to allow prisoners to volunteer or to protect them presents a dilemma. Respecting persons, in most hard cases, is often a matter of balancing competing claims urged by the principle of respect itself. 2. Beneficence. -- Persons are treated in an ethical manner not only by respecting their decisions and protecting them from harm, but also by making efforts to secure their wellbeing. Such treatment falls under the principle of beneficence. The term beneficence is often understood to cover acts of kindness or charity that go beyond strict obligation. In this document, beneficence is understood in a stronger sense, as an obligation. Two general rules have been formulated as complementary expressions of beneficent actions in this sense: (1) do not harm and (2) maximize possibleShow MoreRelatedThe Tuskegee Study Essay1236 Words   |  5 Pages The CITI Ethics Training spoke of both: Laud Humphreys, Tearoom Trade and the infamous Tuskegee Study. The Video, The Human Behavior Experiments, reported on the Milgram study on obedience and the Zimbardo Prison Experiment. Using one of these four studies as an example, explain how the study violated (or not) each of the three basic principles of research ethics: beneficence, justice and respect for persons, using materials from your CITI training, the ASA Code of Ethics and the Belmont ReportRead MoreDaily Physical Activity Can Improve Exercise Tolerance And Functional Capacity5823 Words   |  24 Pagesclinical practice in that the researchers suggest clinicians should implement early management of symptoms and supportive measures to reduce patients fatigue. Specifically, patients with heart failure can be educated to monitor their symptoms and report them so that health care providers can help maintain their physical functioning and improve their quality of life. Similarly, Tang, Yu, and Yeh (2010) conducted a quantitative correlational study to also understand fatigue in chronic heart failureRead MoreThe Field Of Elearning : Qualitative, Quantitative, And Mixed Methods2985 Words   |  12 Pagesresearch. Informed Consent The process of obtaining informed consent is designed to allow a participant the opportunity to make an autonomous decision as to whether he or she is willing to participate in a research study (Nishimura, et al., 2013; Belmont Report, 1979). The researcher must make sure participants fully understand the aim of the research and the effects it may have on the participants. The type of research being conducted, social, medical, or any other, and the intended participants willRead MoreBranding in Clothing Industry22425 Words   |  90 Pages1998) reveals that over two thirds of the consumers regard domestic brands as their first priority. This points out the fact that a large majority of Chinese is still in favor of domestic brands in low-priced range. The HKTDC (2002) research also reports on the average annual spending on clothing. On average, people spend 7.3% of their income on buying clothes with women professionals having the highest demand and students’ spending the minimal amount. This disparity is probably due to the fact that

Instrument Used For Measuring Depression - 1635 Words

ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENT REVIEW. In this paper I am going to review instrument used for measuring depression. Depression can be defined as that state of mind that an individual is sad or in an unhappy mood. Other symptoms associated with depression are the feeling of tiredness, unenthusiastic, or hopeless. In some cases, depression can lead to suicidal ideation. It can be described as severe case of major depression; or in a chronic, mild-to-moderate form, as is the case with persistent depressive disorder. Depression is a serious, but common, illness. It is believed that one in ten adults report experiencing depression, and the condition is the most common cause of disability in the United States. In life an individual, has 17% chances of becoming depressed. It usually starts from the late teens or early twenties The instrument I am comparing and contrasting here are: 1). The Major Depression Inventory. This is an instrument developed by the world health organization’s collaborating Center in Mental Health. It is a category B measuring instrument. It is a 12 items, self-reporting mood questionnaire. It items are measured as a frequency over a two-week period. MDI also gives us the opportunity to assess that severity of the depression. The patient is asked to rate how much time in the past two weeks each of the symptoms of the depressive syndrome was present.it has a six-point rating scale ranging from none (zero) to all of the time (5). Therefore, this is a subjective scaleShow MoreRelatedThe Beck Depression Inventory : This Instrument Was Developed By Aaron T. Beck Essay1671 Words   |  7 PagesThe Beck Depression Inventory: This instrument was developed by Aaron T. Beck who is a pioneer cognitive therapist. This instrument is commonly called the BDI and was developed in 1961. It was adapted in 1969 and a copyright was obtained in 1979. In developing the instrument Beck used a series of questions which enabled him to adequately measure the strength severity and complexity of depression. There are two versions of BDI, a long version which has 21 questions mostly used to measure specificRead MoreEssay on Depression Inventory for the Elderly (Die)997 Words   |  4 PagesDepression Inventory for the Elderly (DIE) Depression is one of the most recurrently investigated psychological disorders within the area of medical RD (Montorio Izal, 1996). A number of exhaustive researches have been carried out to study its symptoms and impacts on different patients belonging to different personal and professional attributes and most of these researchers depicted that depression in the elderly people is very frequent and in spite of number of researches in this contextRead MoreAnalysis Of Beck Depression Inventory II1192 Words   |  5 Pagesdependent variable in the study is depression level (continuous dependent variable). In this paper, depression will be operationally defined as a score level of Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) developed by Aaron T. Beck (1996). Instrument to Measure Depression The Title of the Instrument The title of the instrument is Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Beck Depression Inventory II was developed by Aaron T. Beck (1996). Content of the instrument – how many categories, items. TheRead MoreThe Effectiveness Of Measuring Clients For Proper Assessment792 Words   |  4 PagesThe purpose of this paper is to explore the effectiveness of measuring clients for proper assessment through the use of various formal instruments that may include symptom checklists, personality assessment, or other diagnostic instrument. The population of people this paper will explore are those who are or have been victims of domestic violence. It will further examine the purpose of this formal assessment instrument and the benefits it will have in counseling. The population IRead MoreSummaries of Screening or Assessment Instruments1310 Words   |  5 PagesScreening or Assessment Instruments Instrument One: Zung, WW (1965). Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale. RCMAR Measurment Tools. Retrieved February 12, 2012 from HYPERLINK http://healthnet.umassmed.edu/mhealth/ZungSelfRatedDepressionScale.pdfhttp://healthnet.umassmed.edu/mhealth/ZungSelfRatedDepressionScale.pdf The Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale was originally published in 1965. The verion of the scale that I located was free. This is a scale test administered to a depression patient. It consistsRead MoreThe Effectiveness Of Cymbalta On Major Depressive Disorder882 Words   |  4 PagesThe effectiveness of Cymbalta on Major Depressive Disorder Introduction: Depression has dramatically increased over the years. It is becoming a chronic disease for people. According to Wimett and Laustsen (2005), â€Å"Depression is a psychiatric disorder that affects an estimated 18 million U.S citizens and is expected to be the second leading cause of death or injury by 2020†. Depression is the change in brain chemistry that comes with a feeling of severe despondency and dejection. Although there areRead MoreComparing Behavior Problems of Normal Children and Children With Disabilities1845 Words   |  7 Pagesintellectual disability are at heightened risk for behavior problems, and these are known to increase parenting stress. Baker, Blacher and Olsson (2005) explored the relation of behavior problems to less-child-related domains of parent well-being (depression and marital adjustment), as well as the moderating effect of a personality trait, dispositional optimism, using three-year-old children over a years longitudinal study, classified as de velopmentally delayed, borderline, or non delayed. MothersRead More A Review of the Beck Youth Inventories for Children and Adolescents 1530 Words   |  7 Pagesinclude the Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Anger Inventory, Beck Disruptive Inventory, and the Beck Self-Concept Inventory. These tests can be administered individually or in combination to the youth. The intended population for this test is ages 7-14 years (Flanagan Henington, 2005). This test is used to assess symptoms of depression, anxiety, anger, disruptive behavior, and self esteem (Beck, 2001). The Beck Depression Inventory measures depression criteria as evidencedRead MoreAn Empirical Discipline, Positive Psychology Is A Science That Can Be Measured1115 Words   |  5 Pagesmy experience of these interventions both before and after, I used the following psychometric scales in the form of self-assessment questionnaires to track possible positive outcomes. To access the questionnaires/scales I used an online authentic happiness website created by University of Pennsylvania located at www.authentichappiness.sas.upenn.edu. First questionnaire: The Gratitude Survey (GQ-6) (McCullough, et. al., 2002) for measuring gratitude as a dispositional trait; Second questionnaire: TheRead MoreThe World Health Organization Quality Of Life Essay820 Words   |  4 PagesWHOQOL-SRPB The World Health Organization Quality of Life, (WHOQOL) assessment instrument is a 100 question Likert scale, which assesses an individual s quality of life in seven domains. These seven domains and 24 subdomains ask quality of life questions in the following subject matter: physical, psychological, level of independence, social relationships, environmental, spiritual beliefs, and overall health (2016). These questions respond to the definition of Quality of Life as an individual s

Baseball1 Essay Example For Students

Baseball1 Essay Baseball and American Popular CultureBaseball is an integral part of American pop culture. Many Americans grow up with baseball, playing it before they can even count all the bases. It is glorified, taught, and fed to us. When we play baseball, we find a respect for the game. The respect we gain from playing it has turned the game into a tradition of American culture. It has formed itself into the business of professional baseball, namely major league baseball. Professional players have become recognized all over the world. They are sought out and admired by fans. Because of their popularity, these players have written books, endorsed commercial products, and found successful and rewarding careers by playing a game. According to Wallup, author of Baseball: An Informal History, baseball has been apart of our culture since the mid to late nineteenth century(Wallup, p16). Our great grandparents, grandparents, and parents have been brought up with it and our parents teach the sport to us . When the notion of baseball comes to mind, a feeling of nostalgia and tradition come to me. Many of my feelings and memories originate from my childhood. I remember a beautiful summer day. My dad and I arrived at the baseball stadium to watch the game. We walked up the concrete walkway inside the stadium. The concrete walls and floors made my surroundings drab and grey. Finally, we made it to entrance into the stadium. I came out of the dark tunnels into the bright sunlight. The first thing to catch my eye was the vivid rush of color. Underneath the fluffy white clouds and their deep blue canvas, I could look down and see players in vibrant red and blue uniforms warming up for the game. The well-watered grass on the field was a brighter green than any other grass I had seen. The outfield seemed to be so perfect. It appeared that each blade had been cut by hand. The edge of the infield, where the dark, watered-down dirt met the intensely green grass was a precise and well-defined c ontrast. We sat down and I took in my surroundings. There were men walking up and down the stairs selling various concessions. They had peanuts, beer, soda, ice cream, popcorn, and many other tempting treats. The players soon finished their warm-ups and the crowd became frenzied with excitement. The game was about to start. Baseball has its own traditions in America and playing the national anthem is one of them. This well-practiced act of group togetherness serves two purposes. First, it pays tribute to our country, bringing our American values to the game. Secondly, it seems to hype up the game, making the cheering crowd an active part of the contest. This enthusiasm leads to cheers when their team turns a great play or to boos and catcalls due to an umpires bad judgement. It hard to describe why Americans likes to watch baseball. For me, it has to do with the excitement and appreciation of the game. Since I was big enough to hold a baseball, I have been playing the game. I apprec iate it because I have played it and I have experienced the struggle between pitcher and batter. Neither one hates the other, but when the pitcher takes the mound, he or she wants to blast it past his opponent. Conversely, when batters step up, their personal goal is to put a hole through the pitcher when they send the ball blazing back. Its this understanding of the emotions involved that makes watching the game enjoyable to me. It has become a tradition to go watch a game with the family. Rooted in this custom are our cultures values of family and passing the experiences from parent to child. According to A.G. Spalding, author of Americas National Game, baseball is the exponent of American Courage, Confidence, Combativeness Dash, Determination, Energy, Enthusiasm Spirit, Vim, Vigor, and Virility(Spalding, p.4). We see the game of baseball as an activity for family to go to the local ball park to see a son, daughter, nephew, or niece play. It pleases us to see our friends or family playing the game and enjoying it. Baseball gives us reason to get our friends together and have fun. Professional baseball has become an institution that reflects shifting values in American society. In the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s, changing race relations appeared in the major leagues. Nineteen ninety-seven marked the fiftieth anniversary of the first black baseball player, Jackie Robinson, permitted to play in major league baseba ll. He tolerated death threats, white teammates spitting on him, and lack of enthusiasm by the press. Eventually, people came to realize that African Americans had a place in baseball and the rest of society. Soon, more black players gained positions into the realm of professional baseball. Jackie Robinson was a college educated and outspoken individual. In 1957, he retired from the major leagues and took a position as Vice President for a restaurant chain. Later, in 1959, Robinson began writing a regular column for the New York Post. He wrote of social issues, foreign affairs, and the upcoming elections. In the 1960 election, he decided to back Richard Nixon instead of John Kennedy. His logic was that the black community should be represented by the Republican as well as the Democratic Party. This decision led to his fall out of favor with much of the black community. Later in life, he admitted to the bad decision saying, I do not consider my decision to back Richard Nixon over Joh n F. Kennedy for the Presidency in 1960 one of my finest ones. It was a sincere one, however, at the time.(Lester, p2) In 1964, he organized and founded the Freedom Nation Bank in Harlem. The black-owned bank had the goal of being owned by the African-American community it served. Robinson was able to raise 1.5 million dollars for the community. Also in 1964, New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller asked Robinson to be one of his deputy national directors. He accepted and was later named to the Executive Committee as Special Assistant to Community Affairs. He had many firsts in his life. He became the catalyst of many emerging civil movements. His impact on the national pastime proceeded several breakthroughs in the social and political arena(Lester, p.3). In his book, Never Had It Made he recapped his life, As long as I appeared to ignore insult and injury, I was a martyred hero to a lot of people who seemed to have sympathy for the underdog(Lester, p.2). Many important people have li ved past their professional baseball careers, continuing in politics or community development, using their popularity to raise money. Many players also use this influence to sell products. Whether it is Nolan Ryan plugging Advil or John Kruk endorsing Pert Plus shampoo, they all have found ways to reach out to American society. The personality of the players and their values transfer to the product they endorse. The general public sees the players endorsement as a promise that the product will stand up to its application. Overall, professional baseball players, exhibit a great deal of influence on the public because of their popularity. This influence has led to many acts and movies. The first performance that comes to mind is Abbot and Costellos Whos on First? routine(Abbott, p.1-5). Though it was created during a different era than my own, it shows how long the game of baseball has gripped the enthusiasm and interest of American culture. Many motion pictures have recently been mad e regarding the subject of baseball. Field of Dreams was a movie about a farmer who heard a voice telling him to, Build it and they will come! Christopher Sharrett of USA Today, described it as a motion picture that used baseball as an image of a golden, half-remembered past (Sharrett, p81). The farmer built a baseball diamond in his corn field. He had faith in this voice and followed by it even when his farm was being foreclosed. The movie communicates throughout how the American views of baseball as tradition and pastime are a vital part of American culture. Other movies relating to baseball include Pride of the Yankees (1942), Babe Ruth Story (1948), Babe (1993), The Natural (1984), and Baseball a documentary that delved into the underside of professional baseball(Sharrett, p81). .uc0e81dfbd6d7d8a8d26e567c0cbf9773 , .uc0e81dfbd6d7d8a8d26e567c0cbf9773 .postImageUrl , .uc0e81dfbd6d7d8a8d26e567c0cbf9773 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc0e81dfbd6d7d8a8d26e567c0cbf9773 , .uc0e81dfbd6d7d8a8d26e567c0cbf9773:hover , .uc0e81dfbd6d7d8a8d26e567c0cbf9773:visited , .uc0e81dfbd6d7d8a8d26e567c0cbf9773:active { border:0!important; } .uc0e81dfbd6d7d8a8d26e567c0cbf9773 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc0e81dfbd6d7d8a8d26e567c0cbf9773 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc0e81dfbd6d7d8a8d26e567c0cbf9773:active , .uc0e81dfbd6d7d8a8d26e567c0cbf9773:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc0e81dfbd6d7d8a8d26e567c0cbf9773 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc0e81dfbd6d7d8a8d26e567c0cbf9773 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc0e81dfbd6d7d8a8d26e567c0cbf9773 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc0e81dfbd6d7d8a8d26e567c0cbf9773 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc0e81dfbd6d7d8a8d26e567c0cbf9773:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc0e81dfbd6d7d8a8d26e567c0cbf9773 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc0e81dfbd6d7d8a8d26e567c0cbf9773 .uc0e81dfbd6d7d8a8d26e567c0cbf9773-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc0e81dfbd6d7d8a8d26e567c0cbf9773:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: By Dan Serpico EssayBaseball has been used in many media to relay a message to the public. It has been a testing ground for change, a marketing ground for commercial interests, and an icon in the American way of life. Baseball has the ability to be all of these things because of the publics fascination with the game. The game is a major ritual in our society. We grow up with it, playing very young, and as we mature it teaches us about fairness and values. When we grow up, we will pass it down to the next generation who in turn will pass it to their children. Baseball found its way into our culture more than 125 years ago (Wallop, p15) and will be played for 125 more. Bibliography:Abbott and Costello. Whos on First. (p. 1-5): 5. Online, Internet. 28 January 1997. Lester, Barry. Jackie Robinson Biography. (p. 1-2): 2. On-line, Internet. 27 January 1997. Sharrett, Christopher. Baseballs Fading Dreams. USA Today May 1995: 81. Spalding, A. G. Americas National Game. New York: American Sports Publishing Company, 1911: p. 3-13. Wallup, Douglas. Baseball: An Informal History. New York: Norton ; Company, Inc., 1969: p. 14 -15. http://www.planetpapers.com/Assets/224.html

Teenage Pregnancy Vs Parental Consent In Regards To Abortions (Unwante

Teenage Pregnancy Vs Parental Consent In Regards To Abortions (Unwanted Abortions) Teenage Pregnancy VS Parental Consent in Regards to Abortions (Unwanted Abortions) In today's society, Teenage Pregnancy has risen to substantial percentages. Teenage pregnancy has become an epidemic. Statistics show that Teenage pregnancy has reached at all time high percentage resulting in an high abortion percentage. According to Seventeen magazine, the April 99 issue, reports show that more than a million teenagers get pregnant yearly. Among them 50% have abortions of the other 50%, 96% keep their babies and 41% option for adoption. On the same report, teens who get pregnant before the age of 21, 80% don't intend to be so. Being a teenager has stresses of its own. Starting from adolesence, which is the ages of 12-17, brings on a major developmental process. For example: puberty, identity, and thinking abstractly. Just to name a few. While reviewing Family Planning Pespections, the Jan/Feb of 99 issue, stated that teenagers are not fit to make decisions as to whether or not to have an abortion. And that's where Parental Consent comes in to play. Alot of parents feel the need to control their teenagers. Being that teenagers are not fully developt, they have to be the second brain for them. Alot of young adults know more than we think. Even though they tend to make pretty bad decisions, does not mean they are completly clueless. Everyone has made or will make an unwise decision in their life some time or another. We just have to learn from our mistakes. That apart of growing up. Eventhough teen pregnancy has skyrocketed in this country, I don't fell that no one has the right to force any one into an unwanted abortion. Although most teens between the ages of 13-17 have no ideal what life is all about at this point; some do have a level of maturity to care for a child if taught right. I honestly feel that parents should not force their daughters into abortions. Teenagers are still yet fragile. An abortion can cause major psychological problems for a young girl mentally and physically due to the fact that abortions can cause sterility. We as parents need to help these young ones, teach them and show them what their doing wrong, not criticize them for what their doing. Health and Beauty Essays